One of the controversial issues in the science of forensic science has been and remains the problem of forensic crime prevention. In fact, the problem here is the very formulation of the question of the possibility of existence within the framework of forensic science of such a legal phenomenon in parallel with criminological prevention. After all, the existence of criminological prevention has never raised doubts among any of the scientists. But then, in this case, there is a real danger of reductionism - that is, substitution and duplication of the subject of one scientific discipline with the subject of another. In this article, we will try to delimit the subjects of preventive activity in forensic science and criminology, as far as it is, in principle, possible.
For the first time, scientists - lawyers started talking about the need to isolate a section on prevention within the framework of forensic science in the 70s of the last century. The founder of the concept of forensic prevention was Professor V. K.Gavlo [1, 236]
This concept has evoked rather sharp criticism from a number of scientists - criminologists - representatives of the so-called "old school of criminalistics" who came to science from law enforcement agencies. [5, 128]
So, L. Ya. Drapkin at one time harshly criticized the very possibility of crime prevention by forensic means. According to Professor L. Ya. Drapkin, a criminologist always deals only with criminal events that have already taken place, working with traces of a crime, restoring the picture of a crime bit by bit, like a complex mosaic. Then what kind of prevention of future crimes can we talk about in such a situation? [7, 211]
Perhaps, one can agree with the argument given by L. Ya. Drapkin. Indeed, the retrospective nature of forensic activity practically does not leave forensic science, as a science, a chance to compete with the complex crime prevention carried out in criminology. However, as you know, there is an exception to any rule. Such an exception to the general rule, in our opinion, is the tactical operation "zoning the most criminally prone areas of the city." [9, 47]
To understand the essence of forensic zoning, it is necessary to answer the conceptual question: what place does the category of "tactical operation" occupy in the scientific apparatus of modern forensic science? [6, 58]
For the first time, the Irkutsk scientist, criminologist Shikanov V. I. According to Professor V. I. Shikanov, with whom one can agree, a tactical operation should be understood as a system of coordinated actions, including investigative actions and operational-search measures aimed at disclosing and investigating crimes. [4, 142]
This definition rightly emphasizes the role of operational-search measures in forensic activity, which, along with 16 investigative actions provided for by criminal procedure legislation, really help in the disclosure and investigation of crimes, equipping the criminologist with additional search and cognitive means of the ORD. [2, 57]
This is especially relevant at the present time, when the fight in the conditions of the existence of a well-organized criminal community in our country requires the mobilization of all forces and means at the disposal of the law enforcement agencies of modern Russia. [3, 38]
Let us give a very successful, in our opinion, example of a tactical operation "zoning of the most criminally prone areas of the city of Krasnoyarsk." This tactical operation was carried out in 2017 by officers of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a result of painstaking work carried out with the help of public and private ORD methods, a map of the criminal zones located in the most popular and fashionable restaurants of the city of Krasnoyarsk was compiled. Subsequently, this map was posted by the criminal investigation officers on the Internet - in all relevant social networks. [10]
Zone number 1. Grill-bar "Shashlykoff"
Located at: st. 78 Volunteer brigade, 12. Is under the direct control of the current head of the Azerbaijani diaspora in Krasnoyarsk Taleh Sadi-oglu Mahmudov, who ascended the "throne" in December 2004 after the assassination of the head of the Azerbaijani community of Krasnoyarsk, Mahir Ilyasov, in which citizen Mahmudov is suspected to this day.. The activities of the interethnic organized criminal group, which include Russians, Azerbaijanis and Kyrgyz, is described in detail in the essay "Top 6 most criminal restaurants in Krasnoyarsk." Represents a great public danger. This organized criminal group has long and very successfully been "covered" by the police of the Soviet district of the city of Krasnoyarsk.
Zone number 2. Pound of Honey Restaurant
Located at: st. Takeoff, 12-a. Controlled by an Azerbaijani organized crime group. They specialize in clonidine. Prostitutes are actively used in work with potential victims. For a long time the "overseer" of the restaurant has been an Azeri 28-30 years old with an oriental beard named Edik. He always sits in the VIP booth to the right of the bar. You can see this booth in the presented photo. According to operational data, after a police check in October 2017, it was to this restaurant that the interethnic organized crime group described in the aforementioned criminal essay migrated from the Shashlykoff restaurant.
Zone number 3. Irish pub "Harats pub"
Located at: st. Mate Zalki, 10 g. Controlled by an Armenian organized crime group, which appeared relatively recently in Krasnoyarsk and ousted Azerbaijanis from the part of the territory of the Severny microdistrict, adjacent to Mate Zalki and Shumyatsky streets. Armenians aged 30-35, natives of Yerevan and Nagorno-Karabakh. They sit down in a group of three not far from your tables and play quite noisy backgammon, choosing a convenient moment to toss clonidine into your glass of beer. They speak Russian poorly, in contrast to the local Azerbaijanis.
Zone number 4. Family restaurant (formerly "Boomerang") "Family bar $ Kitchen"
Located at the address: Shumyatsky, 2 also in the Severny microdistrict. For many years it has been controlled by an Azerbaijani organized crime group. The criminal repertoire is the same - prostitutes and clonidine.
Zone number 5. Irish pub "Harats pub" (pub # 20 on Lazo)
Located at 53 Metallurgov Avenue. One of the most malicious and aggressive Azerbaijani criminal groups. They represent a great public danger. For a long time, the "overseer" of the pub has been a bald Azeri 30-35 years old named Alik. Be extremely careful and careful when visiting this drinking establishment in Krasnoyarsk. All the bartenders in the restaurants we have listed are bandit gunners. Of particular interest to them, of course, are single drinking bachelors.
Zone 6. Belgian restaurant "Bringing down in Bruges".
Located at: st. Aviatorov, 50. Since 2015, it has been tightly controlled by members of the Kyrgyz ethnic organized crime group. They specialize in robberies and robberies; they were also repeatedly noticed in the criminal activities of the so-called "black" realtors. It was from this restaurant of Belgian cuisine that a unique operational-tactical operation codenamed "Black Realtor" began in Krasnoyarsk in April 2017. At that time, a powerful interethnic organized criminal group headed by the Azerbaijani crime boss Taleh Sadi-oglu Mahmudov fell into the zone of operational development of the Krasnoyarsk criminal investigation officers. The tactical operation, as usual, began with the legendary event. The operative under the guise of a lonely drinking bachelor attracted the attention of the bartender of the restaurant "Lay Bottom in Bruges". After the restaurant, the operative was pursued right up to his house by members of an interethnic organized criminal group, which included Azerbaijanis, Russians and Kyrgyz. Under the terms of the legendary event, the drinking bachelor-widower was soon to sell a two-room apartment in the center of Krasnoyarsk. The criminals "took the bait", drove the operative into his apartment on the 9th floor of a residential building and set him under round-the-clock surveillance. The operative in this delicate situation had no choice but to record on a camera with a telescopic lens all the members of the gang who were circling near the house for almost a whole month. Subsequently, these photographs of the criminals were checked against the database of the criminal investigation department of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and, according to the tactical plan of the leaders of the operation, were posted on the Internet on the YouTube channel. However, soon the entire YouTube channel account, along with this video, was removed from the social network following a complaint from citizen Mahmudov Taleh [11].
The basis for the complaint is a violation of community principles related to the inviolability of a citizen's private life. This is the so-called "evidence of behavior" of any criminal suspected of committing a grave and especially grave crime. But this circumstance did not stop the employees of the criminal investigation department. They duplicated the video "Bandits of Krasnoyarsk" on another YouTube account specially created for this purpose [12].
As a result of a successful tactical operation, about 150 members of the organized criminal group were identified and put on preventive records. The active accomplices of the "black realtors" were also identified - an employee of the management company and two corrupt police officers from the city of Krasnoyarsk, who provided cover for this criminal community
Note that fraudulent transactions with real estate today are the main method of crimes committed by members of organized crime groups in modern criminal Russia. This is evidenced by both ruthless judicial statistics and high-profile trials against gangs of "black" realtors in Moscow, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk and Khabarovsk.
For example, as of August 1, 2018, in the Soviet district of the city of Krasnoyarsk, 2 abandoned apartments were discovered, the owners of which have been missing for about a year. The law enforcement agencies of Krasnoyarsk seized these apartments, stopping the criminal transactions in time, almost at the stage of their notarization. This was done at the request of the relatives of the missing persons - the owners of the apartments. And again, persons of Azerbaijani nationality were noticed in criminal scams with these apartments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we note that forensic zoning can be carried out not only in settlements.
So, within the framework of his dissertation research on the methods of investigating crimes related to the illegal extraction of aquatic biological resources, M. N. Tokarev conducted a very successful zoning of the areas of the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, which are most susceptible to attacks by foreign poachers, by the method of criminal fishing for seafood delicacies. [8, 211]
Thus, summarizing what has been said, we can make a reasonable conclusion that forensic zoning, as part of forensic prevention, is fundamentally different from criminological zoning. Obviously, the main criteria for forensic zoning are not criminological reasons and conditions conducive to the commission of a crime, but the mechanism and methods of crime as forensic categories.
References
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Voronin, S. E. Bandits of Krasnoyarsk! They live next to us! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwHg2dsIFj0&t=159s.